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\data\alt\turcet
 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*toponface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 straw 2 chaff, branface="Times New Roman Star"1 солома 2 мякина, полова
face="Times New Roman Star"topun 'wheat chaff' (MK; EDT glosses 'a lump of food', probably incorrectly)
face="Times New Roman Star"tuban 2 (Тумашева 216)
face="Times New Roman Star"to.po|n 2face="Times New Roman Star"topan 2

face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tova:n, tofa:n 1
face="Times New Roman Star"toban 'хлебная пыль, труха'






face="Times New Roman Star"typyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"topan 2



face="Times New Roman Star"toban 1face="Times New Roman Star"topan 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 8; despite Tekin 1969, 65 should be kept distinct from *topraq 'dust'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAjface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 shaman spirit 2 throat singingface="Times New Roman Star"1 шаманский дух 2 горловое пение






face="Times New Roman Star"qaj 1

face="Times New Roman Star"xaj 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajla- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajla- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"> Mari xoj 'Gespra"ch'













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221. If the original meaning is 'air movement' (cf. the external evidence), cf. also Chuv. ku" 'strong odour'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*omac?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 scoopface="Times New Roman Star"1 погружаться 2 черпак









face="Times New Roman Star"omac? 2face="Times New Roman Star"omas? 2


face="Times New Roman Star"umus- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"oma:s? 2










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 361, 514.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ap / *Epface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"emphatic strengthening particleface="Times New Roman Star"эмфатическая усилительная частица
face="Times New Roman Star"ap / ep (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ap (XIV c.), apac?yk 'quite, completely'




face="Times New Roman Star"apz?|yG 'however'









face="Times New Roman Star"apej 'an emphatic interjection'








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 3.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"gse(k) < *bo"s-ge(k)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a part of human or animal trunkface="Times New Roman Star"часть туловищаface="Times New Roman Star"bo"gsig 'some part of body (belly?)' (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo"kseg 'woman's breast; upper part of chest' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"kse| 'belly; bird crop'face="Times New Roman Star"bo"kse 'the part of a human or animal body above the waist' (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"bu.ksa 'side part of the body below the breast and down to the hip; (dial.) lower part of body'







face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|z/exe 'crop'face="Times New Roman Star"bo"sko"-j- 'to appear abdominous'
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"skek 'bird's breast'face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ksek 'bird's breast'face="Times New Roman Star"bo"kso" 'side of body; foot-hill'

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"kt|a" 'short person (abusive)'face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ksu"n 'half of animal carcass'




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 329, VEWT 84, 83, ЭСТЯ 2, 213-214, Лексика 278. Forms without -k meaning 'buttock' or 'lower part of body' are most probably borrowed < Mong. *bo"gse, having quite different origin (see under *pi_oko) - although some contaminations were not excluded.
face="Times New Roman Star"*je.gre-nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 yellow (of a horse) 2 deer, antelopeface="Times New Roman Star"1 рыжий (о масти лошади) 2 олень, джейран, антилопаface="Times New Roman Star"jegren 1 (Orkh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|eran, z?|eren (DS) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|iren 1, je|rde| (Tar.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ejren (Буд.) 1, z?|eren 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ijro|n 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ir@n 1, dial. z?|eren, z?|@rr@n, z?|egren 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|iger, jiger, z?|ig|yr, jig|yr 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jegren, jergen 1, dial. z?|eren 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?igren, dial. c?ig@r 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?eren, c?egren, c?ergen (R) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jeren, je:ren, d/e:ren 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"ren 1face="Times New Roman Star"sier 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?e:ren 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ejren 1, 2, z?|e:rde 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?ijren 1face="Times New Roman Star"jijren 1face="Times New Roman Star"jeren 1


face="Times New Roman Star"z?ijren 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 22-24, 36. Turk. > Mong. z?|eg|ir-, z?|eg|erde (TMN 1, 289, 4, 184) > Sol. z?|egere 'antelope', Man. z?|erde (see Doerfer MT 136) > MKor. c?j@rta (ma>r) (see Lee 1958, 119). Pers. z?|ejran ( < Turk. or Mong.) is widely borrowed back into Turkic (Tur., Az. z?|ejran etc.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bolface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"abundant, fullface="Times New Roman Star"обильный, полный

face="Times New Roman Star"bolface="Times New Roman Star"mul
face="Times New Roman Star"bo|l (Chag.), mo|l (Uzb.)


face="Times New Roman Star"bol



face="Times New Roman Star"pu"le-mes; pu"l-l@ 'stalwart'



face="Times New Roman Star"mol








face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 184-185.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a:tagface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sacrifice 2 price, sale 3 engagement, votive 4 giftface="Times New Roman Star"1 жертвоприношение 2 цена, продажа 3 помолвка, обет 4 подарок

face="Times New Roman Star"adag| 1, 3, 4




face="Times New Roman Star"adax 3face="Times New Roman Star"a:daG 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ada 1


face="Times New Roman Star"aty: 2












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 5. All the listed forms may be derived from *a:ta- `to name' ( < *a:t `name'), but the specific meanings rather suggest a secondary contamination.
face="Times New Roman Star"*solakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 spleen 2 gillsface="Times New Roman Star"1 селезенка 2 жабры
face="Times New Roman Star"solaq (MK)







face="Times New Roman Star"palyx sulazy 'молоки' (Борг., Kach.)


face="Times New Roman Star"sola 1,2













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 427, EDT 826, ЭСТЯ 7, Федотов 2, 57.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bEn|ir/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 face 2 be similar 3 open forestless place on a mountain slopeface="Times New Roman Star"1 внешность, вид, лицо 2 быть похожим 3 открытое безлесное место на склоне горыface="Times New Roman Star"ben|iz (Orkh.), men|iz (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"men|iz 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"beniz 1, benze- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ben|iz, men|iz 1 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"ma"n|iz 'cheek'

face="Times New Roman Star"ba"niz 1, ba"nza"- 2face="Times New Roman Star"men|iz 1, men|ze- 2face="Times New Roman Star"mi:s 1 (Верб. - Abak.)
face="Times New Roman Star"me:s 3



face="Times New Roman Star"me:s 3face="Times New Roman Star"me:s 3
face="Times New Roman Star"men|ze- 'to consider useful'


face="Times New Roman Star"beniz 1, benze- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ben|z 1, ben|ze- 2face="Times New Roman Star"megze- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 70, EDT 352, Лексика 208, ЭСТЯ 7, ФиЛ 207. In Chuv. cf. either min 'face colour' (if not = min 'red spot on face', see Лексика 208) or *pan| > Proto-Perm.*ban| (Лыткин-Гуляев 37). Turk. > MMong. men|iz 'comparison, metaphor' (Щербак 1997, 129).
face="Times New Roman Star"*berface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"swelling, glandface="Times New Roman Star"железа, желвак








face="Times New Roman Star"berc?face="Times New Roman Star"mir


face="Times New Roman Star"parface="Times New Roman Star"bert / berge



face="Times New Roman Star"beris?ek 'thick pus' (R)








face="Times New Roman Star"*it-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to push, hitface="Times New Roman Star"толкать, ударять
face="Times New Roman Star"it- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"it-face="Times New Roman Star"i>t-face="Times New Roman Star"it- (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"itar-face="Times New Roman Star"ita"r-face="Times New Roman Star"it-
face="Times New Roman Star"it-face="Times New Roman Star"i>t-face="Times New Roman Star"it-face="Times New Roman Star"it-, ijt-

face="Times New Roman Star"u"t-face="Times New Roman Star"it-, u"t-face="Times New Roman Star"it-

face="Times New Roman Star"i>jter-
face="Times New Roman Star"i>t-
face="Times New Roman Star"jitir-face="Times New Roman Star"it-face="Times New Roman Star"ijter-

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 38, VEWT 174, ЭСТЯ 1, 386-387, Stachowski 129, 254.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jelo"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tether, rope for calvesface="Times New Roman Star"веревка для привязывания жеребят, телят
face="Times New Roman Star"jelu" (MK) ( ? jalu)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ele (DS)face="Times New Roman Star"jele (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ele (Pav. C.) 'string, bow-string'face="Times New Roman Star"z?|el@face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ili (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|a"la"


face="Times New Roman Star"jele, d/ele

face="Times New Roman Star"sele
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ele
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|eleface="Times New Roman Star"z?eli
face="Times New Roman Star"jele (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"z?elle

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 919, ЭСТЯ 4, 21-22. Turk. > WMong. z?|ele (rather than vice versa, despite VEWT 125).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ed-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to tan (leather)face="Times New Roman Star"дубить (шкуру)







face="Times New Roman Star"ejma" 'leather bag with clabber'face="Times New Roman Star"ej-



face="Times New Roman Star"ir-z/@ 'skinner'face="Times New Roman Star"etirik `skin scraper'












face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 236-237, 335-336, Мудрак Дисс. 171, Лексика 377.
face="Times New Roman Star"*orgaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"female or young maralface="Times New Roman Star"самка или детеныш марала


face="Times New Roman Star"org|acaq (Sib.)





face="Times New Roman Star"org|a, org|ac?a (Kyz.)face="Times New Roman Star"org|a
















face="Times New Roman Star"Борг. 629.
face="Times New Roman Star"*urag-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"femaleface="Times New Roman Star"самка
face="Times New Roman Star"urag|ut 'woman' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"u>rg|ac?y (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"urg|ac?y (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"urg|o|c?i


face="Times New Roman Star"urqac?y






face="Times New Roman Star"urug 'daughter'
face="Times New Roman Star"urg|a:c?yface="Times New Roman Star"u>rg|as?yface="Times New Roman Star"urg|as?yface="Times New Roman Star"u>rg|asy

face="Times New Roman Star"yrg|ac?yface="Times New Roman Star"urg|as?y

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 218, VEWT 515, ЭСТЯ 1, 603, Лексика 315.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAn/y-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to fade away, disappear, weakenface="Times New Roman Star"исчезать, слабеть
face="Times New Roman Star"majys?- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bajy-l-




face="Times New Roman Star"bajyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"majyl-





face="Times New Roman Star"bajla-
face="Times New Roman Star"bajy-



face="Times New Roman Star"bajyl-face="Times New Roman Star"bajyl-


face="Times New Roman Star"ОСНЯ 2, 50, EDT 773, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sibu"tface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dill, corianderface="Times New Roman Star"укроп, кориандр
face="Times New Roman Star"sibu"t (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 785. (If not < Pers.)
face="Times New Roman Star"*si:pekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 infant's urinal in a cradle 2 pivot (of a hand-mill etc.) 3 corn-cobface="Times New Roman Star"1 мочеотводная трубочка в люльке 2 стержень, шкворень (ручной мельницы и т.п.) 3 початок кукурузы
face="Times New Roman Star"sibek 1, 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"su"bek 1, 2, 3

face="Times New Roman Star"su"ba"k 3 (dial.)






















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 788, ЭСТЯ 7. Modern languages reveal some very irregular reflexes like Kaz., KKalp. sobyq 3, Tur. su"mek, so"mek 1, 2, 3 (with -m- also in Kum. su"mek, Nogh. simek, Uzb. sumak 1, 2 etc.; some languages have variants with c?- or s?- like Kirgh. c?o"mo"k 3, s?imek 1, 2). These all can be either irregular expressive variants with secondary diffusion or reflect contaminations with some other (not quite clear) roots.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sEpface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"duct, river branch, bayface="Times New Roman Star"приток, залив, боковой рукав реки









face="Times New Roman Star"sip
face="Times New Roman Star"sep



face="Times New Roman Star"sep










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 410, ЭСТЯ 7.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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